Australia's notifiable diseases status, 2009: Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System - Results: summary and Tables 3 to 7

The Australia’s notifiable diseases status, 2009 report provides data and an analysis of communicable disease incidence in Australia during 2009. The full report is available in 16 HTML documents. The full report is also available in PDF format from the Table of contents page.

Page last updated: 22 August 2011

This article was published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence Vol 35 Number 2, June 2011 and may be downloaded as a full version PDF file (1854 KB).

Results

There were 236,291 communicable disease notifications received by NNDSS in 2009 (Table 3).

Table 3: Notifications to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, Australia, 2009, by disease category rank order

Disease category
Number %
Vaccine preventable diseases
101,627
43.0
Sexually transmitted infections
73,399
31.1
Gastrointestinal diseases
31,697
13.4
Bloodborne diseases
18,861
8.0
Vectorborne diseases
8,232
3.5
Other bacterial diseases
1,919
0.8
Zoonoses
552
0.2
Quarantinable diseases
4
0.0
Total
236,291
100.0

In 2009, the most frequently notified diseases were vaccine preventable diseases (101,627 notifications, 43.0% of total notifications), sexually transmissible infections (73,399 notifications, 31.1% of total notifications), and gastrointestinal diseases (31,697 notifications, 13.4% of total notifications).

There were 18,861 notifications of bloodborne diseases; 8,232 notifications of vectorborne diseases; 1,919 notifications of other bacterial infections; 552 notifications of zoonoses and 4 notifications of quarantinable diseases. In 2009, the total number of notifications was the highest recorded in NNDSS since the surveillance system commenced data collection in 1991. There was an increase of 48% compared with notifications in 2008 (Figure 2). This increase was largely due to cases of influenza A(H1N1) pandemic 2009.

Figure 2: Notifications received by the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, Australia, 1991 to 2009, by year of diagnosis

Figure 2:  Notifications received by the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, Australia, 1991 to 2009, by year of diagnosis

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Notifications and notification rates per 100,000 population for each disease by state or territory, in 2009, are shown in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively. Trends in notifications and rates per 100,000 population for the period 2004 to 2009 are shown in Table 6.

Table 4: Notifications of communicable diseases, Australia, 2009, by state or territory

State or territory  
Disease
ACT NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA Aust
Bloodborne diseases
Hepatitis (NEC)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hepatitis B (newly acquired)*
5
36
4
49
9
8
88
39
238
Hepatitis B (unspecified)
101
2,651
152
1,022
447
77
1,948
709
7,107
Hepatitis C (newly acquired)*
7
41
5
NN
45
21
188
94
401
Hepatitis C (unspecified)†,‡
158
3,913
160
2,709
503
262
2,322
1,054
11,081
Hepatitis D
0
9
0
13
0
0
12
0
34
Gastrointestinal diseases
Botulism
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Campylobacteriosis§
357
NN
205
4,610
1,755
626
5,838
2,582
15,973
Cryptosporidiosis
106
1,463
150
1,460
106
66
1,039
235
4,625
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
0
4
0
2
4
0
2
0
12
Hepatitis A
6
98
1
56
59
5
303
35
563
Hepatitis E
0
17
0
3
0
0
8
5
33
Listeriosis
2
26
0
14
4
3
27
15
91
Salmonellosis
225
2,736
487
2,471
681
166
1,647
1,120
9,533
Shigellosis
8
156
85
115
51
2
85
120
622
STEC,VTEC||
0
21
1
23
62
0
16
6
130
Typhoid fever
2
47
0
13
2
1
42
8
115
Quarantinable diseases
Cholera
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
Human pathogenic avian influenza in humans
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Plague
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rabies
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Smallpox
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Viral haemorrhagic fever
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Yellow fever
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sexually transmitted infections
Chlamydial infection¶,**
941
14,948
2,115
16,721
3,757
1,453
13,889
8,836
62,660
Donovanosis
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Gonococcal infection**
55
1,655
1,504
1,570
400
21
1,515
1,339
8,059
Syphilis – all**,††
33
910
137
475
53
28
858
182
2,676
Syphilis < 2 years duration**
11
522
38
179
53
10
390
88
1,291
Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration†,**
22
388
99
296
NDP
18
468
94
1,385
Syphilis – congenital**
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
Vaccine preventable diseases
Diphtheria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Haemophilus influenzae type b
0
6
0
6
1
0
2
4
19
Influenza (laboratory confirmed)
1,259
12,393
1,967
18,363
10,752
1,305
6,990
5,533
58,562
Measles
1
19
1
32
3
2
36
10
104
Mumps
0
40
13
34
12
1
45
20
165
Pertussis
351
12,436
215
6,216
5,346
616
3,778
778
29,736
Pneumococcal disease (invasive)
29
477
86
270
145
35
368
149
1,559
Poliomyelitis
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rubella
0
7
0
6
3
0
6
5
27
Rubella – congenital
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tetanus
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
Varicella zoster (chickenpox)
2
NN
87
153
475
34
530
318
1,599
Varicella zoster (shingles)
12
NN
112
259
1,045
117
575
539
2,659
Varicella zoster (unspecified)
66
NN
3
3,835
280
80
1,847
866
6,977
Vectorborne diseases
Arbovirus infection (NEC)
0
0
0
23
0
0
3
0
26
Barmah Forest virus infection
3
359
117
799
36
3
15
154
1,486
Dengue virus infection
17
132
27
1,036
17
2
38
133
1,402
Japanese encephalitis virus infection
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Kunjin virus infection‡‡
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
Malaria
3
92
14
185
32
5
113
82
526
Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection‡‡
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
4
Ross River virus infection
2
912
427
2,154
326
29
85
851
4,786
Zoonoses
Anthrax
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Australia bat lyssavirus
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Brucellosis
0
4
0
22
2
0
3
1
32
Leptospirosis
2
18
4
110
0
0
11
1
146
Lyssavirus (NEC)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ornithosis
0
22
0
0
3
0
38
2
65
Q fever
0
139
3
131
9
0
25
2
309
Tularaemia
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other bacterial diseases
Legionellosis
4
94
3
56
44
0
50
51
302
Leprosy
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
3
Meningococcal infection§§
2
96
6
60
22
3
42
28
259
Tuberculosis
23
488
28
218
58
9
419
112
1,355
Total
3,782
56,470
8,124
65,300
26,550
4,980
44,849
26,020
236,075

* Newly acquired hepatitis includes cases where the infection was determined to be acquired within 24 months prior to diagnosis.

† Unspecified hepatitis and syphilis includes cases where the duration of infection could not be determined.

‡ In Queensland, includes incident hepatitis C cases.

§ Notified as ‘foodborne disease’ or ‘gastroenteritis in an institution’ in New South Wales.

|| Infection with Shiga toxin/verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC).

¶ Includes Chlamydia trachomatis identified from cervical, rectal, urine, urethral, throat and eye samples, except for South Australia, which reports only genital tract specimens; the Northern Territory and Western Australia exclude ocular infections.

** In the national case definitions for chlamydial, gonococcal and syphilis infections the mode of transmission cannot be inferred from the site of infection. Transmission (especially in children) may be by a non-sexual mode (e.g. perinatal infections, epidemic gonococcal conjunctivitis).

†† Does not include congenital syphilis.

‡‡ In the Australian Capital Territory, Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection and Kunjin virus infection are combined under Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection.

§§ Only invasive meningococcal disease is nationally notifiable. However, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia also report conjunctival cases.

NEC Not elsewhere classified.

NN Not notifiable.

NDP No data provided.

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Table 5: Notification rates for nationally notifiable communicable diseases, Australia, 2009, by state or territory

State or territory  
Disease
ACT NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA Aust
Bloodborne diseases
Hepatitis (NEC)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Hepatitis B (newly acquired)*
1.4
0.5
1.8
1.1
0.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.1
Hepatitis B (unspecified)
28.8
37.3
67.6
23.2
27.5
15.3
35.9
31.7
32.5
Hepatitis C (newly acquired)*
2.0
0.6
2.2
NN
2.8
4.2
3.5
4.2
2.3
Hepatitis C (unspecified)†,‡
45.0
55.1
71.2
61.5
31.0
52.1
42.8
47.1
50.7
Hepatitis D
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
Gastrointestinal diseases
Botulism
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Campylobacteriosis§
101.7
NN
91.2
104.6
108.2
124.5
107.6
115.4
108.1
Cryptosporidiosis
30.2
20.6
66.7
33.1
6.5
13.1
19.1
10.5
21.1
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
Hepatitis A
1.7
1.4
0.4
1.3
3.6
1.0
5.6
1.6
2.6
Hepatitis E
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
Listeriosis
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.4
Salmonellosis
64.1
38.5
216.6
56.1
42.0
33.0
30.3
50.1
43.6
Shigellosis
2.3
2.2
37.8
2.6
3.1
0.4
1.6
5.4
2.8
STEC,VTEC||
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.5
3.9
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.6
Typhoid fever
0.6
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.4
0.5
Quarantinable diseases
Cholera
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Human pathogenic avian influenza in humans
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Plague
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Rabies
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Smallpox
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Viral haemorrhagic fever
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Yellow fever
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Sexually transmitted infections
Chlamydial infection¶,**
268.0
210.5
940.6
379.4
231.5
289.1
255.9
395.0
286.4
Donovanosis
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Gonococcal infection**
15.7
23.3
668.9
35.6
24.7
4.2
27.9
59.9
36.8
Syphilis – all**,††
9.4
12.8
60.9
10.8
3.3
5.6
15.8
8.1
12.2
Syphilis < 2 years duration**
3.1
7.4
16.9
4.1
3.3
2.0
7.2
3.9
5.9
Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration†,**
6.3
5.5
44.0
6.7
NDP
3.6
8.6
4.2
6.8
Syphilis – congenital**
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Vaccine preventable diseases
Diphtheria
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Haemophilus influenzae type b
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
Influenza (laboratory confirmed)
358.5
174.6
874.8
416.7
662.6
259.6
128.8
247.4
267.7
Measles
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.5
Mumps
0.0
0.6
5.8
0.8
0.7
0.2
0.8
0.9
0.8
Pertussis
99.9
175.2
95.6
141.1
329.4
122.6
69.6
34.8
135.9
Pneumococcal disease (invasive)
8.3
6.7
38.2
6.1
8.9
7.0
6.8
6.7
7.1
Poliomyelitis
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Rubella
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
Rubella – congenital
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Tetanus
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Varicella zoster (chickenpox)
0.6
NN
38.7
3.5
29.3
6.8
9.8
14.2
10.8
Varicella zoster (shingles)
3.4
NN
49.8
5.9
64.4
23.3
10.6
24.1
18.0
Varicella zoster (unspecified)
18.8
NN
1.3
87.0
17.3
15.9
34.0
38.7
47.2
Vectorborne diseases
Arbovirus infection (NEC)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
Barmah Forest virus infection
0.9
5.1
52.0
18.1
2.2
0.6
0.3
6.9
6.8
Dengue virus infection
4.8
1.9
12.0
23.5
1.0
0.4
0.7
5.9
6.4
Japanese encephalitis virus infection
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Kunjin virus infection‡‡
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Malaria
0.9
1.3
6.2
4.2
2.0
1.0
2.1
3.7
2.4
Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection‡‡
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
Ross River virus infection
0.6
12.8
189.9
48.9
20.1
5.8
1.6
38.0
21.9
Zoonoses
Anthrax
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Australia bat lyssavirus
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Brucellosis
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
Leptospirosis
0.6
0.3
1.8
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.7
Lyssavirus (NEC)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Ornithosis
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.3
Q fever
0.0
2.0
1.3
3.0
0.6
0.0
0.5
0.1
1.4
Tularaemia
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other bacterial diseases
Legionellosis
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
2.7
0.0
0.9
2.3
1.4
Leprosy
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Meningococcal infection§§
0.6
1.4
2.7
1.4
1.4
0.6
0.8
1.3
1.2
Tuberculosis
6.5
6.9
12.5
4.9
3.6
1.8
7.7
5.0
6.2

* Newly acquired hepatitis includes cases where the infection was determined to be acquired within 24 months prior to diagnosis.

† Unspecified hepatitis and syphilis includes cases where the duration of infection could not be determined.

‡ In Queensland, includes incident hepatitis C cases.

§ Notified as ‘foodborne disease’ or ‘gastroenteritis in an institution’ in New South Wales.

|| Infection with Shiga toxin/verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC).

¶ Includes Chlamydia trachomatis identified from cervical, rectal, urine, urethral, throat and eye samples, except for South Australia, which reports only genital tract specimens; the Northern Territory and Western Australia exclude ocular infections.

** In the national case definitions for chlamydial, gonococcal and syphilis infections the mode of transmission cannot be inferred from the site of infection. Transmission (especially in children) may be by a non-sexual mode (e.g. perinatal infections, epidemic gonococcal conjunctivitis).

†† Does not include congenital syphilis.

‡‡ In the Australian Capital Territory, Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection and Kunjin virus infection are combined under Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection.

§§ Only invasive meningococcal disease is nationally notifiable. However, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia also report conjunctival cases.

NEC Not elsewhere classified.

NN Not notifiable.

NDP No data provided.

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Table 6: Notifications and notification rate for communicable diseases, Australia, 2004 to 2009, (per 100,000 population)

Number of notifications     Notification rate per 100,000 population
Disease
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 5-year mean Ratio 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Bloodborne diseases
Hepatitis (NEC)
0
1
1
0
1
0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Hepatitis B (newly acquired)*
283
253
292
294
258
238
276.0
0.9
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.1
Hepatitis B (unspecified)
5,641
6,264
6,224
6,847
6,518
7,107
6,298.8
1.1
28.0
30.7
30.1
32.5
30.4
32.5
Hepatitis C (newly acquired)*
457
379
442
384
362
401
404.8
1.0
2.8
2.3
2.7
2.3
2.1
2.3
Hepatitis C (unspecified)†,‡
12,348
11,901
11,863
11,868
11,098
11,081
11,815.6
0.9
61.3
58.4
57.3
56.3
51.8
50.7
Hepatitis D
29
32
30
34
42
34
33.4
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
Gastrointestinal diseases
Botulism
1
3
1
1
0
1
1.2
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Campylobacteriosis§
15,586
16,498
15,420
16,995
15,524
15,973
16,004.6
1.0
116.1
121.0
111.1
120.0
107.5
108.1
Cryptosporidiosis
1,676
3,213
3,200
2,810
2,003
4,625
2,580.4
1.8
8.3
15.8
15.5
13.3
9.3
21.1
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
16
20
14
19
31
12
20.0
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Hepatitis A
319
327
281
165
277
563
273.8
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.4
0.8
1.3
2.6
Hepatitis E
28
30
24
18
44
33
28.8
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Listeriosis
67
54
61
50
68
91
60.0
1.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
Salmonellosis
7,841
8,422
8,252
9,529
8,303
9,533
8,469.4
1.1
39.0
41.3
39.9
45.2
38.7
43.6
Shigellosis
520
729
546
600
829
622
644.8
1.0
2.6
3.6
2.6
2.8
3.9
2.8
STEC, VTEC||
49
86
70
106
106
130
83.4
1.6
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.6
Typhoid fever
73
52
77
90
105
115
79.4
1.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
Quarantinable diseases
Cholera
5
3
3
4
4
4
3.8
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Human pathogenic avian influenza in humans
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Plague
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Rabies
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Smallpox
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Viral haemorrhagic fever
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Yellow fever
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Sexually transmissible infections
Chlamydial infection¶, **
36,169
41,293
47,425
52,009
58,449
62,660
47,069.0
1.3
179.7
202.5
229.1
246.8
272.7
286.4
Donovanosis
10
13
6
3
2
1
6.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Gonococcal infection**
7,170
8,070
8,565
7,685
7,655
8,059
7,829.0
1.0
35.6
39.6
41.4
36.5
35.7
36.8
Syphilis – all**,††
2,065
1,934
2,197
2,758
2,674
2,676
2,325.6
1.2
10.3
9.5
10.6
13.1
12.5
12.2
Syphilis < 2 years duration**
628
653
883
1,412
1,310
1,291
977.2
1.3
3.1
3.2
4.3
6.7
6.1
5.9
Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration**
1,437
1,281
1,314
1,346
1,364
1,385
1,348.4
1.0
7.1
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.8
Syphilis – congenital**
13
17
13
7
6
3
11.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
Vaccine preventable diseases
Diphtheria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Haemophilus influenzae type b
15
17
22
17
25
19
19.2
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Influenza (laboratory confirmed)‡‡
2,135
4,557
3,254
10,445
9,130
58,562
5,904.2
10.0
10.6
22.3
15.7
49.6
42.6
267.7
Measles
44
10
125
12
65
104
51.2
2.1
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.5
Mumps
102
240
275
586
285
165
297.6
0.6
0.5
1.2
1.3
2.8
1.3
0.8
Pertussis
8,748
11,164
9,764
4,862
14,285
29,736
9,764.6
3.0
43.5
54.7
47.2
23.1
66.7
135.9
Pneumococcal disease (invasive)
2,372
1,692
1,453
1,479
1,634
1,559
1,726.0
0.9
11.8
8.3
7.0
7.0
7.6
7.1
Poliomyelitis
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Rubella
31
29
59
34
36
27
37.8
0.7
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
Rubella – congenital
1
1
0
2
0
0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Tetanus
6
2
3
3
4
3
3.6
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Varicella zoster (chickenpox)§§
NN
16
1,558
1,668
1,795
1,599
1,259.3
1.3
NN
0.2
17.8
18.6
19.7
10.8
Varicella zoster (shingles)§§
NN
7
1,092
1,561
2,309
2,659
1,242.3
2.1
NN
0.1
12.5
17.4
25.3
18.0
Varicella zoster (unspecified)§§
NN
141
3,678
4,286
4,415
6,977
3,130.0
2.2
NN
1.6
42.0
47.9
48.3
47.2
Vectorborne diseases
Arbovirus infection (NEC)||||
66
28
32
24
26
26
35.2
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
Barmah Forest virus infection
1,100
1,322
2,133
1,715
2,097
1,486
1,673.4
0.9
5.5
6.5
10.3
8.1
9.8
6.8
Dengue virus infection
351
220
189
316
562
1,402
327.6
4.3
1.7
1.1
0.9
1.5
2.6
6.4
Japanese encephalitis virus infection
1
0
0
0
1
0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Kunjin virus infection¶¶
6
1
3
1
1
2
2.4
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Malaria
545
817
770
568
529
526
645.8
0.8
2.7
4.0
3.7
2.7
2.5
2.4
Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection¶¶
1
2
1
0
2
4
1.2
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Ross River virus infection
4,205
2,538
5,544
4,202
5,652
4,786
4,428.2
1.1
20.9
12.4
26.8
19.9
26.4
21.9
Zoonoses
Anthrax
0
0
1
1
0
0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Australian bat lyssavirus
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Brucellosis
38
41
51
38
47
32
43.0
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
Leptospirosis
177
129
145
108
112
146
134.2
1.1
0.9
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.7
Lyssavirus (NEC)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Ornithosis
239
164
165
93
102
65
152.6
0.4
1.2
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.3
Q fever
460
352
410
448
376
309
409.2
0.8
2.3
1.7
2.0
2.1
1.8
1.4
Tularaemia
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other bacterial infections
Legionellosis
312
331
349
306
272
302
314.0
1.0
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.4
Leprosy
6
10
7
13
11
3
9.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
Meningococcal infection***
406
392
318
305
285
259
341.2
0.8
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
Tuberculosis
1,056
1,078
1,205
1,133
1,203
1,355
1,135.0
1.2
5.2
5.3
5.8
5.4
5.6
6.2
Total
112,791
124,895
137,613
146,503
159,620
236,075
               

* Newly acquired hepatitis includes cases where the infection was determined to be acquired within 24 months prior to diagnosis.

† Unspecified hepatitis and syphilis includes cases where the duration of infection could not be determined.

‡ In Queensland, includes incident hepatitis C cases.

§ Notified as ‘foodborne disease’ or ‘gastroenteritis in an institution’ in New South Wales.

|| Infection with Shiga toxin/verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC).

¶ Includes Chlamydia trachomatis identified from cervical, rectal, urine, urethral, throat and eye samples, except for South Australia, which reports only genital tract specimens; the Northern Territory and Western Australia exclude ocular infections.

** In the national case definitions for chlamydial, gonococcal and syphilis infections the mode of transmission cannot be inferred from the site of infection. Transmission (especially in children) may be by a non-sexual mode (e.g. perinatal infections, epidemic gonococcal conjunctivitis).

†† Does not include congenital syphilis.

‡‡ Influenza (laboratory confirmed) became notifiable in South Australia on 1 May 2008.

§§ Varicella zoster became notifiable in Victoria on 21 September 2008.

|||| Arbovirus (NEC) replaced Flavivirus (NEC) in 2008.

¶¶ In the Australian Capital Territory, Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection and Kunjin virus infection are combined under Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection.

*** Only invasive meningococcal disease is nationally notifiable. However, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia also report conjunctival cases.

NEC Not elsewhere classified.

NN Not notifiable.

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The year in which diseases became notifiable to NNDSS in each jurisdiction is shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Earliest notification year for which NNDSS contains disease data, Australia, by state or territory*

Year in which data first sent to Commonwealth Period of national reporting
Disease
ACT NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA
Exceptions to national reporting
Bloodborne diseases
Hepatitis (NEC)
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
NN
1991 to present
WA do not report
Hepatitis B (newly acquired)
1995
1993
1993
1994
1993
1993
1993
1994
1995 to present
ACT did not report 1994
Hepatitis B (unspecified)
1991
1991
2004
1994
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Hepatitis C (newly acquired)
1995
1993
2005
NN
1993
1995
1997
1995
1993 to present
All jurisdictions except Qld
Hepatitis C (unspecified)
1991
1991
1991
1991
1994
1991
1991
1993
1995 to present
Includes reports of incident hepatitis C, 1991 to 1994
Hepatitis D
1999
1999
1999
1997
1999
1999
1999
2001
1999 to present
WA did not report 1999–2000
Gastrointestinal diseases
Botulism
1992
1998
1998
1997
1993
1992
1992
2001
1992 to present
State reporting started as shown
Campylobacteriosis
1991
NN
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
NSW do not report
Cryptosporidiosis
2001
2001
2001
1996
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
 
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
1999
1999
1999
1997
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999 to present
 
Hepatitis A
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Hepatitis E
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
2001
1999 to present
WA did not report 1999–2000
Listeriosis
1991
1991
1994
1991
1992
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
SA did not report 1991

NT did not report 1991–1993

Salmonellosis
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Shigellosis
1991
2001
1991
1997
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
NSW did not report 1991–2000

Qld did not report 1991–2006

STEC, VTEC
1999
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
2001
1999 to present
Qld did not report 1991–2002

WA did not report 1999–2001

Typhoid
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Quarantinable diseases
Cholera
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Highly pathogenic avian influenza in humans
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004 to present
 
Plague
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Rabies
1993
1997
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003 to present
 
Smallpox
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004 to present
 
Viral haemorrhagic fever
1993
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Yellow fever
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Sexually transmissible infections
Chlamydial infection (NEC)
1993
1991
1991
1991
1993
1991
1991
1993
1994 to present
NSW did not report 1994–1998
Donovanosis
1991
2002
1991
1991
2002
1993
1991
1991
1991 to present
NSW and SA did not report 1991–2001
Tasmania did not report 1991–1992
Gonococcal infection
1991
1993
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Syphilis – all§
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Syphilis < 2 years
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004 to present
 
Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004 to present
 
Syphilis – congenital
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003 to present
 
Vaccine preventable diseases
Diphtheria
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Haemophilus influenzae type b
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1994
1991 to present
WA did not report 1991–1993
Influenza (laboratory confirmed)
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
 
Measles
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Mumps
1992
1992
1995
1997–1998; 2002
1994
1995
1992
1994
1995 to present
Qld did not report (1995–1996 & 1999–2000)
Pertussis
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Pneumococcal disease (invasive)
2001
2001
2001
1997
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
 
Poliomyelitis
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Rubella||
1991
1991
1993
1991
1993
1995
1992
1994
1993 to present
Tasmania did not report 1993–1994
Rubella – congenital
2003
2003
2003
1997
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003 to present
 
Tetanus
1991
1991
1991
1985
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
Qld did not report 1991–1993
Varicella zoster (chickenpox)
2006
NN
2006
2006
2006
2006
2008
2006
2006 to present
All jurisdictions except NSW
Reported by Victoria in September 2008
Varicella zoster (shingles)
2006
NN
2006
2006
2006
2006
2008
2006
2006 to present
All jurisdictions except NSW
Reported by Victoria in September 2008
Varicella zoster (unspecified)
2006
NN
2006
2006
2006
2006
2008
2006
2006 to present
All jurisdictions except NSW
Reported by Victoria in September 2008
Vectorborne diseases
Barmah Forest virus infection
1995
1995
1997
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995 to present
 
Dengue virus infection
1993
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1995
1991 to present
ACT did not report 1991–1992
Arbovirus infection (NEC)¶,**
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
Includes JEV, MVEV and Kunjin 1991–2000
Japanese encephalitis virus infection
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
 
Kunjin virus
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
Reported under MVEV in ACT
Malaria
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
Combined with Kunjin in ACT
Ross River virus infection
1993
1993
1991
1991
1993
1993
1991
1991
1993 to present
 
Zoonoses
Anthrax
2001
2001
2001
1991
2002
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
 
Australian bat lyssavirus
2001
2001
2001
1998
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
 
Brucellosis
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Leptospirosis
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Lyssavirus (NEC)
2001
2001
2001
1998
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001 to present
 
Ornithosis
1991
2001
1991
1992
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
NSW did not report 1991–2000
Qld did not report 1997–2001
Q fever
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Tularaemia
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004 to present
 
Other bacterial infections
Legionellosis
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Leprosy
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Meningococcal infection
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 
Tuberculosis
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 to present
 

* Data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System annual reports from 1991. First full year of reporting to Commonwealth is shown. Some diseases may have been notifiable to state or territory health departments before the dates shown here.

† Includes paratyphoid in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.

‡ Includes neonatal ophthalmia in the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, and Victoria.

§ Includes syphilis – congenital from 1991 to 2002.

|| Includes rubella – congenital from 1991 to 2002.

¶ Before 1997, includes Ross River virus infection, dengue virus infection and Barmah Forest virus infection.

** Flavivirus (NEC) replaced arbovirus (NEC) 1 January 2004. Arbovirus (NEC) replaced Flavivirus (NEC) in 2008.

NN Not notifiable

The major changes in communicable disease notifications in 2009 are shown in Figure 3 as the ratio of notifications in 2009 to the mean number of notifications for the previous 5 years. Notifications of dengue virus infection, influenza (laboratory confirmed), pertussis and hepatitis A were highest since 2004 and exceeded the expected range (5-year mean plus 2 standard deviations). Notifications of mumps, measles, tuberculosis and Shiga toxin/verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC) were within the historical range.

Figure 3: Comparison of total notifications of selected diseases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 2009, with the previous 5-year mean

Figure 3:  Comparison of total notifications of selected diseases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 2009, with the previous 5-year mean

* Exceeded 2 standard deviations above the 5-year mean.

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Data completeness

The case’s sex was complete in 99.7% of notifications and age at onset in close to 100% of notifications (Table 8). In 2009, Indigenous status was complete in 49.6% of notifications, and this varied by jurisdiction. Indigenous status was complete for 93.1% of data reported in the Northern Territory, 86.2% in Western Australia and 79.5% South Australia. Indigenous status was complete for less than 50% in the remaining jurisdictions.

Table 8: Completeness of National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data received, Australia, 2009, by state or territory*

  State or territory  
  ACT NSW NT Qld SA Tas Vic WA Aust
Total notifications
3,782
56,686
8,124
65,300
26,549
4,980
44,850
26,020
236,291
Sex
Unknown/missing
1
395
12
27
3
8
318
2
766
Per cent complete
100.0
99.3
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.3
100.0
99.7
Age at onset
Unknown/missing
0
6
8
0
1
2
74
1
88
Per cent complete
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8
100.0
100.0
Indigenous status
Unknown/missing
3,105
43,347
564
36,648
5,433
2,595
23,720
3,596
119,008
Per cent complete
17.9
23.5
93.1
43.9
79.5
47.9
47.1
86.2
49.6

* Indigenous status is usually obtained from medical notification and completeness varies by disease and by state and territory. This reflects differences in notification requirements (i.e. depending on the jurisdiction, some diseases are primarily or completely notified by pathology laboratories rather than clinicians) and the fact that it is not possible to follow-up all cases for diseases with a large volume of notifications and/or not requiring specific case-based public health action.

Data completeness on Indigenous status also varied by disease (Appendix 3). There were 5 diseases for which notifications were 100% complete for Indigenous status.10 A further 7 diseases equalled or exceeded 90% completeness for Indigenous status. Of the 18 priority diseases agreed to by CDNA and the NSC in 2009 for improving Indigenous identification, seven had an Indigenous completeness that exceeded 90% (donovanosis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, congenital syphilis, meningococcal infection, syphilis less than 2 years duration, tuberculosis and hepatitis A). The diseases for which there was less than 90% Indigenous completeness included dengue virus infection, gonococcal infection, leprosy, measles, pneumococcal disease (invasive), and shigellosis. In 2009, CDNA set target thresholds of 95% completeness for key diseases and 80% completeness for the remainder of the notifiable diseases.

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