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ASPREN | Meningococcal surveillance | Gonococcal surveillance
Australian childhood immunisation coverage
Tables 1, 2 and 3 provide the latest quarterly report on childhood immunisation coverage from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR).
The data show the percentage of children ‘fully immunised’ at 12 months, 24 months and 60 months, for 3-month birth cohorts of children at the stated ages between January and March 2012. ‘Fully immunised’ refers to vaccines on the National Immunisation Program Schedule, but excludes rotavirus, pneumococcal conjugate, varicella, and meningococcal C conjugate vaccines, and is outlined in more detail below.
‘Fully immunised’ at 12 months of age is defined as a child having a record on the ACIR of three doses of a diphtheria (D), tetanus (T) and pertussis-containing (P) vaccine, 3 doses of polio vaccine, 2 or 3 doses of PRP-OMP containing Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine or 3 doses of any other Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, and 2 or 3 doses of Comvax hepatitis B vaccine or 3 doses of all other hepatitis B vaccines. ‘Fully immunised’ at 24 months of age is defined as a child having a record on the ACIR of 3 or 4 doses of a DTP-containing vaccine, 3 doses of polio vaccine, 3 or 4 doses of PRP-OMP Hib vaccine or 4 doses of any other Hib vaccine, 3 or 4 doses of Comvax hepatitis B vaccine or 4 doses of all other hepatitis B vaccines, and 1 dose of a measles, mumps and rubella-containing (MMR) vaccine. ‘Fully immunised’ at 60 months of age is defined as a child having a record on the ACIR of 4 or 5 doses of a DTP-containing vaccine, 4 doses of polio vaccine, and 2 doses of an MMR-containing vaccine.
A full description of the basic methodology used can be found in CDI 1998;22(3):36-37.
The National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS) provides commentary on the trends in ACIR data. For further information please contact NCIRS at: telephone +61 2 9845 1435.
The percentage of children ‘fully immunised’ by 12 months of age for Australia increased marginally from the previous quarter by 0.5 of a percentage point to 91.9% (Table 1). Important changes in coverage were seen only in the Northern Territory with coverage for DTP, polio, Hib vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B) increasing by almost 2 percentage points. Coverage for DTP-containing vaccine, polio and ‘fully immunised’ for the Northern Territory are at their highest recorded levels for this age group.
Table 1. Percentage of children immunised at 12 months of age, preliminary results by disease and state or territory for the birth cohort 1 January to 31 March 2011; assessment date 30 June 2012
Vaccine |
ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | Aust |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of children |
1,367 |
24,468 |
954 |
15,791 |
4,845 |
1,597 |
17,870 |
8,263 |
75,155 |
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (%) |
93.6 |
92.1 |
94.3 |
92.0 |
92.9 |
93.4 |
93.3 |
90.7 |
92.4 |
Poliomyelitis (%) |
93.6 |
92.1 |
94.3 |
92.0 |
92.9 |
93.3 |
93.2 |
90.7 |
92.3 |
Haemophilus influenzae type b (%) |
93.7 |
92.0 |
94.4 |
91.9 |
92.7 |
93.2 |
93.1 |
90.6 |
92.2 |
Hepatitis B (%) |
93.2 |
91.9 |
94.2 |
91.8 |
92.7 |
93.2 |
92.8 |
90.3 |
92.0 |
Fully immunised (%) |
93.1 |
91.7 |
94.2 |
91.7 |
92.6 |
93.1 |
92.7 |
90.1 |
91.9 |
Change in fully immunised since last quarter (%) |
+0.5 |
+0.6 |
+1.9 |
+0.3 |
+0.7 |
+0.2 |
+0.7 |
+0.1 |
+0.5 |
The percentage of children ‘fully immunised’ by 24 months of age for Australia decreased marginally from the previous quarter by 0.4 of a percentage point to 92.3% (Table 2). Coverage for DTP-containing vaccine, polio, Hib vaccine and ‘fully immunised’ for the Northern Territory are at their highest recorded levels for this age group.
Table 2. Percentage of children immunised at 24 months of age, preliminary results by disease and state or territory for the birth cohort 1 January to 31 March 2010; assessment date 30 June 2012*
Vaccine |
ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | Aust |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of children |
1,339 |
24,421 |
922 |
16,109 |
4,955 |
1,525 |
18,235 |
8,231 |
75,737 |
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (%) |
95.1 |
94.5 |
97.3 |
94.3 |
94.1 |
95.1 |
95.1 |
93.0 |
94.5 |
Poliomyelitis (%) |
95.0 |
94.4 |
97.3 |
94.3 |
94.1 |
95.0 |
95.0 |
92.9 |
94.4 |
Haemophilus influenzae type b (%) |
95.2 |
94.9 |
97.3 |
94.4 |
94.4 |
95.7 |
95.2 |
93.4 |
94.7 |
Measles, mumps, rubella (%) |
94.3 |
93.7 |
96.2 |
93.9 |
93.7 |
95.0 |
94.4 |
92.4 |
93.9 |
Hepatitis B (%) |
94.3 |
94.0 |
97.2 |
93.9 |
93.8 |
94.9 |
94.7 |
92.4 |
94.0 |
Fully immunised (%) |
92.8 |
92.1 |
95.7 |
92.6 |
92.2 |
93.6 |
93.0 |
90.1 |
92.3 |
Change in fully immunised since last quarter (%) |
-0.8 |
-0.3 |
+1.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
* The 12 months age data for this cohort were published in Commun Dis Intell 2011;35(1):49.
The percentage of children ‘fully immunised’ by 60 months of age for Australia increased from the previous quarter by 0.4 of a percentage point to 90.1% (Table 3). This continues the upward trend in coverage for this age milestone. Important changes in coverage were seen only in South Australia with coverage for DTP-containing vaccine, polio, and MMR vaccine increasing by almost 2 percentage points.
Table 3. Percentage of children immunised at 60 months of age, preliminary results by disease and state or territory for the birth cohort 1 January to 31 March 2007; assessment date 30 June 2012
Vaccine |
ACT | NSW | NT | Qld | SA | Tas | Vic | WA | Aust |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of children |
1,213 |
24,652 |
903 |
16,167 |
5,087 |
1,623 |
18,448 |
8,237 |
76,330 |
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (%) |
92.1 |
91.1 |
90.5 |
91.5 |
89.4 |
91.1 |
92.1 |
88.0 |
91.0 |
Poliomyelitis (%) |
91.8 |
91.1 |
90.6 |
91.4 |
89.4 |
91.1 |
92.0 |
88.0 |
90.9 |
Measles, mumps, rubella (%) |
91.2 |
91.0 |
90.4 |
91.4 |
89.0 |
91.3 |
92.0 |
88.1 |
90.9 |
Fully immunised (%) |
90.9 |
90.6 |
90.4 |
91.0 |
88.8 |
90.8 |
91.6 |
87.6 |
90.5 |
Change in fully immunised since last quarter (%) |
-0.3 |
+0.4 |
-0.4 |
+0.4 |
+1.9 |
-0.2 |
+0.2 |
+0.4 |
+0.4 |
The Figure shows the trends in vaccination coverage from the first ACIR-derived published coverage estimates in 1997 to the current estimates. There is a clear trend of increasing vaccination coverage over time for children aged 12 months, 24 months and 60 months (from December 2007). Coverage at 60 months of age is close to the coverage levels attained at 12 and 24 months.
Figure: Trends in vaccination coverage, Australia, 1997 to 31 March 2012, by age cohorts
Australian Sentinel Practices Research Network
The Australian Sentinel Practices Research Network (ASPREN) is a national surveillance system that is funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, owned and operated by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners and directed through the Discipline of General Practice at the University of Adelaide.
The network consists of general practitioners who report presentations on a number of defined medical conditions each week. ASPREN was established in 1991 to provide a rapid monitoring scheme for infectious diseases that can alert public health officials of epidemics in their early stages as well as play a role in the evaluation of public health campaigns and research of conditions commonly seen in general practice. Electronic, web-based data collection was established in 2006.
In June 2010, ASPREN’s laboratory influenza-like illness (ILI) testing was implemented, allowing for viral testing of 25% of ILI patients for a range of respiratory viruses including influenza A, influenza B and influenza A H1N1(2009).
The list of conditions is reviewed annually by the ASPREN management committee. In 2011, 4 conditions are being monitored. They include ILI, gastroenteritis and varicella infections (chickenpox and shingles). Definitions of these conditions are described in Surveillance systems reported in CDI, published in Commun Dis Intell 2012;36(1):122.
Reporting period 1 April to 30 June 2012
Sentinel practices contributing to ASPREN were located in all 8 jurisdictions in Australia. A total of 166 general practitioners contributed data to ASPREN in the 2nd quarter of 2012. Each week an average of 141 general practitioners provided information to ASPREN at an average of 13,081 (range 10,926–14,671) consultations per week and an average of 192 (range 92–312) notifications per week.
ILI rates reported from 1 April to 30 June 2012 averaged 9 cases per 1,000 consultations (range 3–19 cases per 1,000 consultations). This was higher compared with rates in the same reporting period in 2011, which averaged 7 cases per 1,000 consultations (range 4–13 cases per 1000 consultations) (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Consultation rates for influenza-like illness, ASPREN, 2011 and 2012, by year and week of report
ILI swab testing continued during 2012. The most commonly reported virus during this reporting period was rhinovirus (15% of all swabs collected), with the second most common virus being influenza A (untyped) (14% of all swabs).
From the beginning of 2012 to the end of week 26, 42 cases of influenza had been detected, the majority of these being influenza A (untyped) (14% of all swabs), influenza B (7% of all swabs) and the remainder influenza A(H1N1)2009 (0.2% of all swabs) (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Influenza-like illness swab testing results, ASPREN, 1 January to 30 June 2012, by week of report
During this reporting period, consultation rates for gastroenteritis averaged 4 cases per 1,000 consultations (range 3-6 cases per 1,000, Figure 3). This was similar to rates in the same reporting period in 2011 where the average was 5 cases per 1,000 consultations (range 3-6 cases per 1,000).
Figure 3: Consultation rates for gastroenteritis, ASPREN, 2011 and 2012, by year and week of report
Varicella infections were reported at a slightly lower rate for the second quarter of 2012 compared with the same period in 2011. From 1 April to 30 June 2012, recorded rates for chickenpox averaged 0.15 cases per 1,000 consultations (range 0–0.48 cases per 1,000 consultations, Figure 4).
Figure 4: Consultation rates for chickenpox, ASPREN, 2011 and 2012, by year and week of report
In the 2nd quarter of 2012, reported rates for shingles averaged 0.8 cases per 1,000 consultations (range 0.56–1.23 cases per 1,000 consultations, Figure 5), slightly higher compared with the same reporting period in 2011, where the average shingles rate was 0.6 cases per 1,000 consultations (range 0.19–0.96 cases per 1,000 consultations).
Figure 5: Consultation rates for shingles, ASPREN, 2011 and 2012, by year and week of report
Gonococcal surveillance
Dr Monica M Lahra, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031 for the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme
The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) reference laboratories in the states and territories report data on sensitivity to an agreed ‘core’ group of antimicrobial agents quarterly. The antibiotics routinely surveyed are penicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and spectinomycin, which are current or potential agents used for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Azithromycin testing is now performed by all states and territories as it has a role as part of a dual therapy regimen in the treatment of gonorrhoea. When in vitro resistance to a recommended agent is demonstrated in 5% or more of isolates from a general population, it is usual to remove that agent from the list of recommended treatments.1 Additional data are also provided on other antibiotics from time to time. At present all laboratories also test isolates for the presence of high level (plasmid-mediated) resistance to the tetracyclines, known as TRNG. Tetracyclines are however not a recommended therapy for gonorrhoea in Australia. These data are reported in the AGSP Annual Report. Comparability of data is achieved by means of a standardised system of testing and a program-specific quality assurance process. Because of the substantial geographic differences in susceptibility patterns in Australia, regional as well as aggregated data are presented. From the 2nd quarter of 2012 these data will be presented quarterly in tabulated form (Table 1), as well as in the AGSP annual report. Data for the 1st quarter of 2012 has been included in this report (Table 2) to complete presentation of the AGSP quarterly data in this format for 2012. For more information see Commun Dis Intell 2012;36(1):121.
Reporting period 1 April to 30 June 2012
Penicillin resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae are defined as those isolates with an MIC to penicillin equal to or greater than 1.0 mg/L. Total penicillin resistance includes penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoea (PPNG) and chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin (CMRP).
Quinolone resistant N. gonorrhoeae are defined as those isolates with an MIC to ciprofloxacin equal to or greater than 0.06 mg/L, and azithromycin resistance as those isolates with an MIC to azithromycin equal to or greater than 1.0 mg/L. In the Northern Territory there continues to be low levels of penicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance.
Isolates with ceftriaxone MIC values in the range 0.06–0.125 mg/L are reported as having decreased susceptibility. There has not been an isolate reported in Australia with an MIC >0.125 mg/L. The Figure presents AGSP data for the 1st and 2nd quarters for 2011 and 2012, by ceftriaxone MIC value for the first time to enable monitoring of shift in MIC values N. gonorrhoeae MIC values over time, in addition to reporting the proportion in the category of decreased susceptibility. A decrease in the proportion of isolates with a ceftriaxone MIC value of = 0.008 mg/L is evident in 2012 compared with 2011, with increases in the higher MIC values demonstrating a right shift over these periods, which will continue to be monitored.
Table 1: Gonococcal isolates showing decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone and resistance to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and penicillin, Australia, 1 January to 31 March 2012, by state or territory
State or territory |
Number of isolates tested | Decreased susceptibility | Resistance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceftriaxone | Ciprofloxacin | Azithromycin | Penicillin | ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Australian Capital Territory |
13 |
0 |
0.0 |
8 |
61.5 |
0 |
0.0 |
3 |
23.1 |
New South Wales |
447 |
17 |
3.8 |
121 |
27.1 |
4 |
0.9 |
119 |
26.6 |
Northern Territory |
77 |
0 |
0.0 |
1 |
1.3 |
1 |
1.3 |
1 |
1.3 |
Queensland |
205 |
3 |
1.5 |
35 |
17.1 |
2 |
1.0 |
44 |
21.5 |
South Australia |
27 |
0 |
0.0 |
8 |
29.6 |
8 |
29.6 |
12 |
44.4 |
Tasmania |
1 |
1 |
100.0 |
1 |
100.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
Victoria |
312 |
21 |
6.7 |
166 |
53.2 |
14 |
4.5 |
178 |
57.1 |
Western Australia |
130 |
2 |
1.5 |
29 |
22.3 |
1 |
0.8 |
21 |
16.2 |
Australia |
1,212 |
44 |
3.6 |
369 |
30.4 |
30 |
2.5 |
378 |
31.2 |
Table 2: Gonococcal isolates showing decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone and resistance to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and penicillin, Australia, 1 April to 30 June 2012, by state or territory
State or territory |
Number of isolates tested | Decreased susceptibility | Resistance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceftriaxone | Ciprofloxacin | Azithromycin | Penicillin | ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Australian Capital Territory |
9 |
0 |
0.0 |
4 |
44.4 |
0 |
0.0 |
3 |
33.3 |
New South Wales |
421 |
16 |
3.8 |
115 |
27.3 |
0 |
0.0 |
105 |
24.9 |
Northern Territory |
82 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
1 |
1.2 |
Queensland |
174 |
8 |
4.6 |
26 |
14.9 |
2 |
1.1 |
48 |
27.6 |
South Australia |
44 |
0 |
0.0 |
7 |
15.9 |
0 |
0.0 |
7 |
15.9 |
Tasmania |
4 |
0 |
0.0 |
1 |
25.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
3 |
75.0 |
Victoria |
355 |
21 |
5.9 |
149 |
42.0 |
108 |
30.4 |
202 |
56.9 |
Western Australia |
119 |
1 |
0.8 |
30 |
25.2 |
1 |
0.8 |
26 |
21.8 |
Australia |
1,208 |
46 |
3.8 |
332 |
27.5 |
111 |
9.2 |
395 |
32.7 |
Figure: Distribution of ceftriaxone MIC values in gonococcal isolates tested at the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 January 2011 to 30 June 2012
Reference
1. Management of sexually transmitted diseases. World Health Organization 1997; Document WHO/GPA/TEM94.1 Rev.1 p 37.
Meningococcal surveillance
Dr Monica M Lahra, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031 for the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme
The reference laboratories of the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme report data on the number of cases confirmed by laboratory testing using culture and by non-culture based techniques. Culture positive cases, where Neisseria meningitidis is grown from a normally sterile site or skin lesions, and non-culture based diagnoses, derived from results of nucleic acid amplification assays (NAA) and serological techniques, are defined as invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) according to Public Health Laboratory Network definitions. Data contained in quarterly reports are restricted to a description of the numbers of cases by jurisdiction and serogroup, where known. Some minor corrections to data in the Table may be made in subsequent reports if additional data are received. A full analysis of laboratory confirmed cases of IMD in each calendar year is contained in the annual reports of the Programme is published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence. For more information see Commun Dis Intell 2012;36(1):121.
Laboratory confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease for the period 1 July to 30 September 2012 are included in this issue of Communicable Diseases Intelligence (Table).
Table: Number of laboratory confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease, Australia, 1 July to 30 September 2012, by serogroup and state or territory
State or territory |
Year | Serogroup | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | Y | W135 | ND | All | |||||||||
| Q3 | YTD | Q3 | YTD | Q3 | YTD | Q3 | YTD | Q3 | YTD | Q3 | YTD | Q3 | YTD | ||
Australian Capital Territory |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
|
New South Wales |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
16 |
36 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
8 |
25 |
51 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
27 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
13 |
18 |
50 |
|
Northern Territory |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
4 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
Queensland |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
35 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
24 |
46 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
43 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
27 |
52 |
|
South Australia |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
17 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
18 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
11 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
6 |
15 |
|
Tasmania |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
6 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
10 |
|
Victoria |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
21 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
25 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
35 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
13 |
40 |
|
Western Australia |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
11 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
15 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
13 |
|
Total |
2012 |
0 |
0 |
55 |
126 |
3 |
7 |
9 |
13 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
14 |
77 |
165 |
2011 |
0 |
0 |
62 |
140 |
0 |
5 |
3 |
11 |
4 |
10 |
4 |
20 |
73 |
186 |
|
Appendix - data for Figures
Childhood immunisation coverage
Figure: Trends in vaccination coverage, Australia, 1997 to 31 March 2012, by age cohorts. Data are rates for fully immunised at the specified months of age.
| Assessed at | 12 months | 24 months | 60 months* | 72 months* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 Mar 97 | 74.9 |
|||
| 30 Jun 97 | 75.9 |
|||
| 30 Sep 97 | 76.7 |
|||
| 31 Dec 97 | 78.6 |
|||
| 31 Mar 98 | 80.2 |
63.8 |
||
| 30 Jun 98 | 84.3 |
66.1 |
||
| 30 Sep 98 | 84.5 |
68.8 |
||
| 31 Dec 98 | 84.9 |
70.3 |
||
| 31 Mar 99 | 86.1 |
73.5 |
||
| 30 Jun 99 | 86.5 |
75.9 |
||
| 30 Sep 99 | 87 |
74.9 |
||
| 31 Dec 99 | 88.1 |
76.7 |
||
| 31 Mar 00 | 88.4 |
81.7 |
||
| 30 Jun 00 | 89 |
83.4 |
||
| 30 Sep 00 | 91.3 |
85.1 |
||
| 31 Dec 00 | 91.2 |
84.8 |
||
| 31 Mar 01 | 91.5 |
86.6 |
||
| 30 Jun 01 | 91.2 |
87 |
||
| 30 Sep 01 | 90.4 |
88 |
||
| 31 Dec 01 | 90.5 |
87.8 |
||
| 31 Mar 02 | 90.2 |
88.1 |
80.6 |
|
| 30 Jun 02 | 91.2 |
88.8 |
81.4 |
|
| 30 Sep 02 | 91.7 |
89.4 |
82.2 |
|
| 31 Dec 02 | 91.4 |
89 |
82.2 |
|
| 30 Mar 03 | 91.2 |
89.3 |
82.3 |
|
| 30 Jun 03 | 91.7 |
89.2 |
83.1 |
|
| 30 Sep 03 | 91 |
91.6 |
83.7 |
|
| 31 Dec 03 | 91.1 |
91.5 |
83.5 |
|
| 31 Mar 04 | 90.9 |
91.7 |
83.5 |
|
| 30 Jun 04 | 91.3 |
92.3 |
83.6 |
|
| 30 Sep 04 | 91.2 |
91.7 |
83.6 |
|
| 31 Dec 04 | 90.7 |
91.7 |
83.3 |
|
| 31 Mar 05 | 91 |
91.8 |
83.2 |
|
| 30 Jun 05 | 91 |
92.1 |
83.8 |
|
| 30 Sep 05 | 91 |
92.1 |
84 |
|
| 31 Dec 05 | 90.2 |
92.1 |
83.8 |
|
| 31 Mar 06 | 90.7 |
92.4 |
82.7 |
|
| 30 Jun 06 | 90.8 |
92.2 |
86.2 |
|
| 30 Sep 06 | 91.2 |
92.4 |
88 |
|
| 31 Dec 06 | 91 |
92 |
88 |
|
| 31 Mar 07 | 91.2 |
92.5 |
87.9 |
|
| 30 Jun 07 | 91.3 |
92.5 |
88.6 |
|
| 30 Sep 07 | 91.5 |
93 |
88.8 |
|
| 31 Dec 07 | 91.3 |
92.8 |
79 |
|
| 31 Mar 08 | 91.2 |
92.8 |
80.4 |
|
| 30 Jun 08 | 91.2 |
92.5 |
78.8 |
|
| 30 Sep 08 | 91.3 |
92.7 |
79.4 |
|
| 31 Dec 08 | 91.7 |
92.5 |
80.7 |
|
| 31 Mar 09 | 91.3 |
92.9 |
82.4 |
|
| 30 Jun 09 | 92 |
92.7 |
82.1 |
|
| 30 Sep 09 | 91.6 |
91 |
82.6 |
|
| 31 Dec 09 | 91.4 |
92 |
83.8 |
|
| 31 Mar 10 | 91.5 |
92.4 |
89.6 |
|
| 30 Jun 10 | 91.7 |
92.7 |
89.1 |
|
| 30 Sep 10 | 91.4 |
92.6 |
89.4 |
|
| 31 Dec 10 | 91.8 |
92.7 |
89.2 |
|
| 31 Mar 11 | 90.3 |
92.8 |
89.6 |
|
| 30 Jun 11 | 92.1 |
92.8 |
89.3 |
|
| 30 Sep 11 | 91.8 |
92.6 |
89.9 |
|
| 31 Dec 11 | 91.4 |
92.7 |
90.1 |
|
| 31 Mar 12 | 91.9 |
92.3 |
90.5 |
* Assessment changed from at 72 months of age to 60 months of age from the assessment period ending 31 December 2007.
Australian Sentinel Practices Research Network
Figure 1: Rate per 1,000 consultations for influenza like illness, ASPREN, 2011 and 2012, by week of report
| 2011 | 2012 | |
|---|---|---|
Week 1 |
5.3 |
6.0 |
Week 2 |
2.4 |
4.6 |
Week 3 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
Week 4 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
Week 5 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
Week 6 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
Week 7 |
4.2 |
2.6 |
Week 8 |
5.0 |
4.2 |
Week 9 |
4.8 |
2.8 |
Week 10 |
5.8 |
1.9 |
Week 11 |
4.6 |
6.2 |
Week 12 |
4.7 |
5.3 |
Week 13 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
Week 14 |
4.3 |
6.8 |
Week 15 |
6.6 |
5.7 |
Week 16 |
5.0 |
6.4 |
Week 17 |
7.3 |
4.7 |
Week 18 |
5.3 |
3.2 |
Week 19 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
Week 20 |
5.0 |
6.6 |
Week 21 |
5.6 |
9.6 |
Week 22 |
6.8 |
10.3 |
Week 23 |
8.6 |
16.0 |
Week 24 |
10.7 |
17.2 |
Week 25 |
13.5 |
13.6 |
Week 26 |
10.6 |
18.6 |
Week 27 |
17.3 |
|
Week 28 |
11.4 |
|
Week 29 |
20.8 |
|
Week 30 |
21.4 |
|
Week 31 |
20.0 |
|
Week 32 |
23.5 |
|
Week 33 |
24.4 |
|
Week 34 |
20.7 |
|
Week 35 |
19.3 |
|
Week 36 |
18.8 |
|
Week 37 |
16.8 |
|
Week 38 |
18.6 |
|
Week 39 |
19.7 |
|
Week 40 |
13.2 |
|
Week 41 |
10.8 |
|
Week 42 |
9.6 |
|
Week 43 |
8.0 |
|
Week 44 |
6.6 |
|
Week 45 |
8.2 |
|
Week 46 |
7.5 |
|
Week 47 |
6.2 |
|
Week 48 |
7.1 |
|
Week 49 |
6.6 |
|
Week 50 |
6.4 |
|
Week 51 |
5.6 |
|
Week 52 |
8.0 |
Figure 2: Influenza-like illness swab testing results, ASPREN, 1 January to 30 June 2012, by week of report
| Influenza A Untyped | H1N1 (2009) | Influenza B | RSV | Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 | Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 | Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 | Adenovirus | Rhinovirus | Metapneumovirus | Enterovirus | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Pertussis | Proportion Positive for Influenza | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Week 2 | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Week 3 | 2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
| Week 4 | 4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
36 |
| Week 5 | 0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Week 6 | 1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
18 |
| Week 7 | 0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
8 |
| Week 8 | 0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Week 9 | 0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Week 10 | 1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
23 |
| Week 11 | 2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
| Week 12 | 3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
| Week 13 | 3 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
| Week 14 | 5 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
24 |
| Week 15 | 1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
| Week 16 | 3 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
13 |
| Week 17 | 1 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
| Week 18 | 1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
| Week 19 | 2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
12 |
| Week 20 | 4 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
| Week 21 | 3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
| Week 22 | 8 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
24 |
| Week 23 | 17 |
0 |
5 |
10 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
16 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
| Week 24 | 23 |
1 |
9 |
8 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
23 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
34 |
| Week 25 | 15 |
0 |
10 |
6 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
27 |
| Week 26 | 28 |
0 |
14 |
7 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
37 |
Figure 3: Rate per 1,000 consultations for gastroenteritis, ASPREN, ASPREN, 2011 and 2012, by week of report
| 2011 | 2012 | |
|---|---|---|
Week 1 |
6.8 |
6.9 |
Week 2 |
6.1 |
4.6 |
Week 3 |
6.5 |
5.4 |
Week 4 |
5.4 |
5.5 |
Week 5 |
5.5 |
5.9 |
Week 6 |
6.1 |
4.3 |
Week 7 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
Week 8 |
4.9 |
4.9 |
Week 9 |
4.9 |
3.5 |
Week 10 |
5.8 |
4.2 |
Week 11 |
5.5 |
5.7 |
Week 12 |
5.5 |
4.8 |
Week 13 |
5.5 |
4.8 |
Week 14 |
4.1 |
4.9 |
Week 15 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
Week 16 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
Week 17 |
3.1 |
5.5 |
Week 18 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
Week 19 |
5.1 |
3.8 |
Week 20 |
4.2 |
3.5 |
Week 21 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
Week 22 |
3.8 |
4.9 |
Week 23 |
5.5 |
4.6 |
Week 24 |
5.7 |
4.6 |
Week 25 |
5.7 |
3.6 |
Week 26 |
4.8 |
3.8 |
Week 27 |
6.1 |
|
Week 28 |
6.2 |
|
Week 29 |
5.5 |
|
Week 30 |
6.7 |
|
Week 31 |
5.2 |
|
Week 32 |
4.5 |
|
Week 33 |
5.0 |
|
Week 34 |
4.5 |
|
Week 35 |
4.4 |
|
Week 36 |
5.6 |
|
Week 37 |
4.3 |
|
Week 38 |
5.4 |
|
Week 39 |
5.5 |
|
Week 40 |
5.8 |
|
Week 41 |
4.6 |
|
Week 42 |
3.3 |
|
Week 43 |
4.8 |
|
Week 44 |
5.7 |
|
Week 45 |
4.7 |
|
Week 46 |
3.8 |
|
Week 47 |
6.0 |
|
Week 48 |
6.1 |
|
Week 49 |
6.0 |
|
Week 50 |
7.4 |
|
Week 51 |
6.1 |
|
Week 52 |
12.2 |
Figure 4: Rate per 1,000 consultations for chickenpox, ASPREN, 2011 and 2012, by week of report
| 2011 | 2012 | |
|---|---|---|
Week 1 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
Week 2 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
Week 3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
Week 4 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Week 5 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Week 6 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
Week 7 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
Week 8 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
Week 9 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
Week 10 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Week 11 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
Week 12 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Week 13 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
Week 14 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
Week 15 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Week 16 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
Week 17 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
Week 18 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
Week 19 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
Week 20 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
Week 21 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
Week 22 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
Week 23 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Week 24 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
Week 25 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
Week 26 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
Week 27 |
0.3 |
|
Week 28 |
0.2 |
|
Week 29 |
0.3 |
|
Week 30 |
0.5 |
|
Week 31 |
0.4 |
|
Week 32 |
0.2 |
|
Week 33 |
0.6 |
|
Week 34 |
0.6 |
|
Week 35 |
0.3 |
|
Week 36 |
0.4 |
|
Week 37 |
0.6 |
|
Week 38 |
0.6 |
|
Week 39 |
0.2 |
|
Week 40 |
0.5 |
|
Week 41 |
0.2 |
|
Week 42 |
0.2 |
|
Week 43 |
0.3 |
|
Week 44 |
0.1 |
|
Week 45 |
0.1 |
|
Week 46 |
0.6 |
|
Week 47 |
0.3 |
|
Week 48 |
0.1 |
|
Week 49 |
0.3 |
|
Week 50 |
0.3 |
|
Week 51 |
0.3 |
|
Week 52 |
0.8 |
Figure 5: Rate per 1,000 consultations for shingles, ASPREN, 2011 and 2012, by week of report
| 2011 | 2012 | |
|---|---|---|
Week 1 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
Week 2 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
Week 3 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
Week 4 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
Week 5 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
Week 6 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
Week 7 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
Week 8 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
Week 9 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
Week 10 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
Week 11 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
Week 12 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
Week 13 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
Week 14 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
Week 15 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
Week 16 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
Week 17 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
Week 18 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
Week 19 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
Week 20 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
Week 21 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
Week 22 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
Week 23 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
Week 24 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
Week 25 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
Week 26 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
Week 27 |
0.7 |
|
Week 28 |
0.5 |
|
Week 29 |
0.9 |
|
Week 30 |
1.3 |
|
Week 31 |
0.5 |
|
Week 32 |
0.6 |
|
Week 33 |
0.7 |
|
Week 34 |
1.3 |
|
Week 35 |
1.0 |
|
Week 36 |
0.8 |
|
Week 37 |
0.6 |
|
Week 38 |
0.8 |
|
Week 39 |
0.5 |
|
Week 40 |
0.2 |
|
Week 41 |
0.5 |
|
Week 42 |
0.5 |
|
Week 43 |
1.0 |
|
Week 44 |
0.2 |
|
Week 45 |
1.8 |
|
Week 46 |
0.9 |
|
Week 47 |
0.5 |
|
Week 48 |
0.7 |
|
Week 49 |
1.1 |
|
Week 50 |
0.9 |
|
Week 51 |
1.0 |
|
Week 52 |
1.7 |
Gonococcal surveillance
Figure: Distribution of ceftriaxone MIC values in gonococcal isolates tested at the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 January 2011 to 30 June 2012
| Ceftriaxone MIC mg/L | 2011 Q1&Q2 n=2115 | 2012 Q1&Q2 n=2420 |
|---|---|---|
| ≤0.008 | 77 |
69 |
| 0.016 | 11.5 |
14.1 |
| 0.03 | 8.9 |
13.2 |
| 0.06 | 2.7 |
3.5 |
| 0.125 | 0.1 |
0.2 |
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Communicable Diseases Surveillance
This issue - Vol 36 No 3, September 2012
Communicable Diseases Intelligence